Участие в проекте Crowd Image
Один любитель астрономии, сел однажды и подумал: «Ну, вот если все снимают серию снимков, чтобы получить итоговый красивый, а что если взять все эти итоговые красивые снимки и тоже все сложить по мною выдуманному хитрому алгоритму?» Подумал, и сделал. Так родился его личный проект «Crowd Image». На просторах интернета подобные идеи могут родиться где угодно =)
Ну, а я то тут с какого боку-припёку, спросите вы? Ну, а я только лишь попал на некоторые снимки со своими итоговыми =) Только и все. Мелочь, а приятно! Вот собственно и они (также я привёл комментарии автора):
Messier 101 The Pinwheel Galaxy
Messier 101 was the first faint fuzzy I ever identified in one of my earliest astro images. Back then I used a tripod and short exposures. You could hardly see the galaxy, but since then M101 has always been special to me. This image is a Crowd Image. It was made by combining the data of 175 different amateur photos. For more information about the Crowd Images, look at some of the other CI’s in my gallery. Specific for this image: All images cropped using XnView, all other processing in PixInsight. RGB aligned using distortion correction. Each channel extracted. 3X3 (R, G and B) layers sorted using subframeselector, based on FWHM. Stacked using normalization and rejection.
Image Credits (Thanks for letting me use the data! :) Abel de Burgos, Adam Evans, Ahmet Kale, Andrea Pistocchini, Anton, apricot, äquinoktium, AstroGG, ASTROIDF, Ben Gilsrud, c a palmer, Carl Drinkwater, Carsten Frenzl, Charlie Prince, chripell, Chris Madson, chris2k4ever, ckrege, Claustonberry, Cobbler, Creedence, Czerwik, Daniele Malleo, dave halliday, David Illig, David Milligan, Davide De Col, Epicycle, Eric Holmes, Eric Kallgren, Flavastro, Florian Meyer, fragro, Frank Zoltowski, Fred Locklear, Fredéric Segato, Fredrik Ödling, geco71, Gerardo Blanco, glgerard, gulielmus, Haramir, iva, jah, Jan Curtis, Jared Smith, Jason Tackett, Javier R., Jay Cross, Jean-Daniel Pauget, Jim Keller, john.purvis, Jon Wiley, jpstanley, Juan Lozano, Jussi Kantola, Ken_Lord, khyperia, Kristian Urdal, lacomj, Luca Argalia, Luca Billeri, Manuel Balvin, Matthew, Máximo Bustamante, Morten Balling, nicholall, nicholall, NicolasP, Özgür Ünat, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, Peter Williamson, pfile, Phil Hosey, Phillip Seeber, Ralph W, Ram Viswanathan, Richie Jarvis, rid, robbeh, s58y, Salvatore Iovene, Sendell, Serge, Sergei Golyshev, Shane Poage, Stefano Giardinelli, Steve Yan, Terry Presley, Tim, TobiasLindemann, Tom Harrison, Vipula De Silva, Waifer X, Walliang Jacques, Will Kalman.
NGC 7023 The Iris Nebula
This is a crowd image, made by combining 156 Creative Commons images (and a few other I’ve been given special permission to use). For more information on the method used, look at some of the other crowd image examples in my gallery. Integration time is based on an average of 50 random samples.
Image credits (thanks for letting me work with all the data!) Adam Evans, Ahmet Kale, Alvin, AstroGabe, AstroGG, astrojeff, Astroluc63, Burkhard, Carsten Frenzl, Chris Madson, CoFF, Creedence, Dan Watt, Daniele Malleo, Davide De Col, Edi, Epicycle, Eric Kallgren, Frank Zoltowski, Fred Locklear, GBeck, geco71, Hewholooks, Jacob Bers, Jan Curtis, Jason Tackett, johnny9s, Juan Lozano, Kevin Cross, khyperia, lacomj, lizarranet, Luca Argalia, Luigi Fontana, Lynn van Rooijen, Mario Bertsch, Michele Palma, Miodrag Sekulic, Miquel, Morten la Cour, Morten Balling, neptun, nicoairbus, Oleg Zaharciuc, Pat Gaines, PaulHutchinson, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, Peter Williamson, pfile, Phil Hosey, pisto92, Rafael Leon, Ram Viswanathan, RIKY, robbeh, Salvatore Iovene, Salvopa, Shane Poage, Siegfried Hold, Stathis, Steve Yan, TheBreed, Themis Karteris, Tim, Tom Masterson, Will Kalman.
M33 Crowd Image A special request from Marek :)
This is an image made by combining 128 sub images from 85 amateur astronomers into one final image (Crowd Image). It is very high resolution (48 Mpix), so it is best viewed in full resolution. Exposure is an estimate based on an average sample of 50 images. A separate stack of the 44 sharpest sub images were used to enhance details in the brighter areas of the image. An interesting thing: I tried to estimate the total aperture of all the telescopes used here. It resembles that of an 80″ telescope! With an average exposure time of 3.4 hours that gathers a lot of light. For more info on Crowd Images, look at the other examples in my gallery.
Image Credits (Thanks for sharing your data): Adam Block, Adam Evans, Ahmet Kale, aknotwot, Alexander Meleg, Alvinillo, Andrea Pistocchini, Antonio Vilchez, apricot, AstroGG, Ben Gilsrud, Ben Mclerran, Carl Drinkwater, Carsten Frenzl, Charlie Prince, Chris Madson, ckrege, Claustonberry, Creedence, Czerwik, Dan Watt, dave halliday, David L Milligan, David Milligan, Ferran Ginebrosa, Filip Lolić, Frank Zoltowski, Fred Locklear, Fredéric Segato, Fredrik Ödling, Fryns, galaad16, geco71, Haramir, Heiko Günther, Hewholooks, J.Mattei, Jan Curtis, Jim Keller, Jschulman555, Jürgen Kemmerer, lacomj, Luca Argalia, Marek Cichanski, Mario Bertsch, markm23, Markus Schopfer, Mauro Narduzzi, Maxvlt, mediamousela, Michele Palma, Mike Durkin, Miodrag Sekulic, Miquel, Morten Balling, nicoairbus, pascvale13, PaulHutchinson, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, Pere Gil, pfile, Phil Hosey, Phil Hosey, Ram Viswanathan, robbeh, Robin Geyer, Rui Pereira, s58y, Salvatore Iovene, Salvopa, Shane Poage, Siegfried Hold, Stan McQueen, Stefano Giardinelli, Stephen Rahn, Steve Yan, stevebryson, TheBreed, Tim, Tom Harrison, Tom Harrison, Vincent Bhm, Walliang Jacques, Will Kalman, Zoeff.
M45 CI Reproc
This is a reproces of the M45 crowd Image I made earlier. (The image is best seen at full resolution. You can do that by clicking the image, and then clicking the orange X at the top right.) I’m currently reprocessing some of the crowd image data I’ve gathered. With M101 I uploaded a new revision, but this image is so different from the original, that I decided to make a separate image. First of all, I’ve developed new techniques, but furthermore, I’ve also included some new images. All in all the image is now a combination of 342 different images, from 193 different amateur astronomers. I almost had tears in my eyes, to see so many people sharing their hard work, including many I had not seen before. Thanks for sharing! I really appreciate having the possibility to work with so many pixels, bits and bytes. The final project takes about one terrabyte of harddisk space. All images were integrated using FWHM weights, and all processing was done in PixInsight. This version is “only” 25 Mpixel, but I kind of regret not going for 100. On the other hand just blinking all sub images takes a while, since they sum up to more than 100 GB in 16 bit, and twice that in 32 bit. The integration time is an estimate, based on 50 random samples.
Image credits: A. Tag, Abel de Burgos, achrntatrps, Adam Evans, Ahmad, Alex Gorstan, Alex Lovell-Troy, Alexey Kljatov, Álvaro Pérez Alonso, Alvinillo, Andrea Pistocchini, Andrew, Andy Rogers, Angel Requena, Anttler, äquinoktium, arcturus13, Armelle & Eric, Asaf Braverman, AstroGG, B.C. Chung, Ben Gilsrud, benedicte, beta_kappa, Bob Familiar, Bob Star, Boris Stromar, Brett Schaerer, Bryant Olsen, Burkhard, cafuego, Cameraguy34, Carl Drinkwater, Carsten Frenzl, chong huang, Chris Madson, Chun-yi Li, Claustonberry, Cobbler, Cody Garges, Cristóbal Alvarado Minic, Dan Seagrave, Dan Watt, Daniele Malleo, Danny Flippo, Darren, David DeHetre, Davide De Col, Dennis Harper, Did23, Donky_Tramp, Eduardo Mariño, eifionglyn, EmileLeTueur, Eric Gorski, Eric Kilby, Evaldas Granickas, Fermion, Ferran Ginebrosa, Filip Lolić, Filippo Bradaschia, Flavastro, Florian Meyer, Forrest Tanaka, Forrest Tanaka, Francisco Soto, Francisco Soto, Franck Schneider, FranckIM06, Frank Carey, Franz Haar, Fred Locklear, Fredrik Ödling, Fritz, galaad16, geco71, Gianluca, gianni, Giuliano Pinazzi, Helge Nordal, hjghjfgjfg, Ivan, IZAYOI YUKARI, James Hartshorn, Jan Curtis, Jason Hullinger, Javier Falcón Quintana, Jean-Daniel Pauget, Jeff Tropeano, Jens Zippel, Jill Robidoux, Jim Keller, Jim Mac, Joe Shuster, john.purvis, johnny9s, Jorge, Jose Carlos Castro, jpstanley, Juan Jimenez, Juan Lozano, Jürgen Kemmerer, Kristian Urdal, LLacertae, Luca Argalia, Luis Argerich, Lukáš Kalista, m1fcj, Marc Van Norden, Mario Bertsch, Mark Philpott, MarkC1952, Matt Jenkins, Matthew Cheng, Matthias, maxgaspa, Michael Southam, Mike Durkin, Mike Markiw, Mike Miller, Miodrag Sekulic, Miquel, Morten Balling, nd-nʎ, Nelson Saraiva, neptun, Nick Ares, Nick Bramhall, nicoairbus, oldal, Oliver Czernetz, Olivier x, Paul_Blakeman, PaulHutchinson, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, pbkwee, Peleg Wasserman, Pete Collins, Peter Gottstein, pfile, Phil Hosey, Phillip Seeber, poppet with a camera, Prabhakar, Preis Alois, R@PP, Rafael Leon, Ralph W, Ram Viswanathan, Richard Muhlack, Richard Pattie, Richie Jarvis, RIKY, Ro Irving, Rob Glover, Roberto Ferrero, Rochus Hess, Ruslan Zavadzich, s58y, Salvatore Iovene, Salvopa, Serge, Sergei Golyshev, Shin-ichi Ueda, skyborg, Stan McQueen, Stefano Morandi, Stelios ZACHARIAS, Stéphane Bourgault, Stephen Hanafin, Stephen Little, Stephen Rahn, Steve, Steve Yan, stevebryson, Steven Duckworth, sweeper, taitan, Tarfin T, theilr, Thomas Bresson, Tim, Tino Leichsenring, Tom Masterson, Tomofwight, tphelan88, Upupa4me, vastateparksstaff, Vedran Vrhovac, vetenskapsman, Wayne Young, Yodatheoak, Yohan Riou, Yusuke Morimoto.
NGC 6888 Crescent Nebula
The weather has been very cloudy in Copenhagen for quite some time, so here’s another crowd image :) This image is a composite of 97 images, mostly with a Creative Commons license, plus a few that I’ve kindly been given permission to use. For those interested: I wanted to make a bicolor, but to increase SNR, I used a combination of Ha+red, green, and OIII+blue. The integration time is an extimate based on an average of 50 random samples.
Image Credits (Thanks for sharing!) Adam Evans, Álvaro Pérez Alonso, Alvin, Alvinillo, Andolfato, Andrea Pistocchini, AstroGG, ASTROIDF, Astroluc63, Ben Gilsrud, bossakungen, Burkhard, Carsten Frenzl, chaddkn, chripell, Chris Madson, Claustonberry, Creedence, Dan Watt, Danny Flippo, dave halliday, Flavastro, fragro, Francesco di Biase, FranckIM06, Frank Zoltowski, Fred Locklear, Fredéric Segato, Gaby, galaad16, geco71, Hewholooks, J.Mattei, Jason Tackett, JeffJohnson, jpstanley, Jschulman555, JSpower, Juan Lozano, Jürgen Kemmerer, lacomj, lizarranet, Ljubinko Jovanovic, Luc Jamet, Luca Argalia, Marc Van Norden, Michele Fabrizio, Michele Palma, Miodrag Sekulic, Morten Balling, neptun, NicolasP, pascvale13, Paul Cotton, Paul M. Hutchinson, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, Peleg Wasserman, pfile, Phil Hosey, Phillip Seeber, Piotr Ambroziak, Ram Viswanathan, Richie Jarvis, s58y, s58y, Salvatore Iovene, Salvopa, Shane Poage, simonct, Stan McQueen, Steve Yan, Tim, Vegantares, Vincent Bhm, Walliang Jacques, Werner Mehl, zemt-fr. Edit: The new version is the same image, just with a larger field of view, but the same pixel resolution.
Messier 16 The Eagle Nebula
This is a crowd image. It was made by integrating 279 different astro photos of M16. All processing was done in PixInsight. With this image I experimented with something new. The crowd image method yields excellent SNR due to the very high summed exposure time, but so far I’ve weighted all sub images equally 1:1. To increase the overall sharpness, this time I tried to weigh based on FWHM. First all images were aligned to a 7K master frame using distortion correction, and then I used SubFrameSelector to measure FWHM. Then I added a keyword to all the fits files based on the formula WEIGHT = 1/FWHM^2 The result was a significantly sharper stack, with a slightly better SNR. Normally I add an alpha channel to each file, and use the stacked alphas to make a sort of Flat frame, that describes the coverage of all the files. That method is described in the Elephant Trunk processing example in my gallery. This time I took a different aproach. All the files were integrated with the weight keyword described above, low clipping and add/scale normalization. I’ve really experimentet with almost every possible combination in ImageIntegration, and this is the best way I’ve found so far. Because I work with very different nonlinear files, something that PixInsight is not intended for, many things have to be invented on the way. The image is HaSHORGB with RGB colored stars, meaning that the nebulosity is a blend of SHO and RGB, and that Ha was used as luminance.
Image Credits (Thanks for sharing! :) Adam Evans, Ahmet Kale, Alvinillo, Andolfato, André Lucas Melo, Andrea Pistocchini, Angel Requena, apricot, arcturus13, Astroluc63, B.J. Bumgarner, beta_kappa, betakappa, Bob Familiar, bradypo, Carlos Martín López, Charlemagne920, chripell, Chris Madson, Chris Ryan, Claustonberry, Cobbler, Creedence, Dan, Dan Watt, Daniele Malleo, Diego Cartes, docMario, Eddie Yip, Edi, Eduardo Mariño, felgari, Fernando Fogel, Flavastro, FranckIM06, Fred Locklear, galaad16, geco71, Igor Fulvi, Jan Curtis, Jason Ahrns, Javier R., Jim Keller, John Dalton, Jon Connell, Jonathan Powles, Jorge Gomez, Jose Carlos Castro, jpstanley, Jschulman555, Juan Lozano, Khayos., khyperia, l.hutton, Ljubinko Jovanovic, Loren Larson, Luc Jamet, Luca Argalia, Luca Billeri, Luis Argerich, Marc Van Norden, Marcelo Domingues, Mario Bertsch, Mark Mathosian, masa*wang, Matthew, Máximo Bustamante, Michael Karrer, Mike Durkin, Mike Markiw, Miodrag Sekulic, Miquel, Morten Balling, Neb_34, neptun, Nicholas Jones, Oliver Czernetz, Owen, Özgür Ünat, pascvale13, Paul Storey, PaulHutchinson, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, pfile, Phil Hosey, Ralph W, Richie Jarvis, RIKY, roxunreal, Ryan Shaw, s58y, Salvatore Iovene, Salvopa, Sergei Golyshev, Shane Poage, Shashikiran, Shashikiran Ganesh, Simon Bailey, Stephen Rahn, symulae, Tim, ttfnrob, vetenskapsman, Will Kalman.
NGC 3628 Very Deep CI / Mag25+
I’ve been experimenting with Crowd Images, to try and see how faint objects one can pull out of all the data. That has also been very interesting, as I’ve learned a lot about apparent magnitude on the way. Apparent magnitude is measured and calculated using different filters, and different standards. Sloan DSS uses at least five different filters. Some objects are a lot fainter in red than they are in green and vice versa. I have therefore been searching for objects that were faint in both red and green wavelengths. The object with the highest magnitude I’ve been able to identify clearly in the image, is Gmag25.2 and Rmag24.2. I’ve found objects with one magnitude higher than 27, but then the other magnitude is much lower, like 22-23. Object info @VizieR This image was made in an attempt to get the field as deep as possible, so please disregard the aesthetics. The «glow» in the lower right corner is due to the star HD 98388 with a magnitude of 11.3. I have included the image in full resolution, a half resolution with object marked, a closeup and a screen dump from Aladin showing the different magnitudes and the object ID. 156 images of Leo Triplet and NGC 3628 were combined. Minimum coverage is an average of 97 images (at the edges of the image).
Image Credits (thanks for sharing your data! :) Adam Evans, Alvinillo, Andrea Pistocchini, Angel Requena, Anton, Armelle & Eric, AstroGabe, AstroGG, Astroluc63, Ben Browning, bert.seltzer, Bob Familiar, budman1961, Cano Vääri, Carsten Frenzl, chripell, Cobbler, Cody Garges, Creedence, David L Milligan, Eduardo Mariño, Epicycle, Eric Gorski, Ferran Ginebrosa, Flavastro, fragro, FranckIM06, Fred Locklear, Fredrik Ödling, Fryns, geco71, Gerardo Blanco, harbinjer, Heiko Günther, Hewholooks, jdiwnab, John Bowles, Jorge A. Loffler, jpstanley, Juan Lozano, Jürgen Kemmerer, Jussi Kantola, Ken_Lord, Ljubinko Jovanovic, Luca Argalia, M.W.Hoy, Marc Van Norden, Marcelo Domingues, Matthew, Maxvlt, Michael Karrer, Mike Durkin, Miodrag Sekulic, Morten Balling, Morten La Cour, NicolasP, PaulHutchinson, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, pfile, pbkwee, Pete Collins, Peter Williamson, Phillip Seeber, Ram Viswanathan, Rhett Herring, Richie Jarvis, RIKY, Rob Glover, Roberto Ferrero, s58y, Salvatore Iovene, Salvopa, samuele, Scott Mitchell, Sendell, Serge, Shane Poage, Stephen Rahn, Steve Elliott, Steve Yan, stevebryson, Surfus_1980, theilr, Tim, Tom Harrison, Vincent Bhm, Wayne Young, zemt-fr.
Leo Triplet
This is a combination of 180 Creative Commons images, made by 82 amateur astronomers all over the world. With this image I tried to use both Leo Triplet images, but also images of the separate galaxies. That works fine, and I’ll try it again later. I’m also working on Markarian’s Chain, and it’s difficult to gather enough images covering the hole chain, so this will come in handy with that image. I also noticed new names on this one. Nice, and thanks for sharing your work! :)
Image Credits (Thanks for sharing!) Adam Evans, Alvinillo, Angel Requena, Anton, Armelle & Eric, AstroGabe, AstroGG, Astroluc63, Ben Browning, Bob Familiar, budman1961, Cano Vääri, Carsten Frenzl, chripell, Cobbler, Cody Garges, Creedence, David L Milligan, Eduardo Mariño, Eric Gorski, Ferran Ginebrosa, Flavastro, fragro, FranckIM06, Fred Locklear, Fredrik Ödling, Fryns, geco71, Gerardo Blanco, harbinjer, Heiko Günther, Hewholooks, jdiwnab, John Bowles, Jorge A. Loffler, jpstanley, Juan Lozano, Jürgen Kemmerer, Jussi Kantola, Ken_Lord, Ljubinko Jovanovic, Luca Argalia, M.W.Hoy, Marc Van Norden, Marcelo Domingues, Matthew, Maxvlt, Miodrag Sekulic, Morten Balling, NicolasP, PaulHutchinson, Pavel (sypai) Syrin, pbkwee, pbkwee, Pete Collins, Peter Williamson, pfile, Phillip Seeber, Ram Viswanathan, Rhett Herring, Richie Jarvis, RIKY, Rob Glover, Roberto Ferrero, s58y, Salvatore Iovene, Salvopa, samuele, Sendell, Serge, Shane Poage, Stephen Rahn, Steve Elliott, Steve Yan, stevebryson, Surfus_1980, theilr, Tim, Tom Harrison, Vincent Bhm, Wayne Young, zemt-fr.
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